Friday, December 27, 2019

6 Reasons to Read Before Class

Everyones college and grad school experience is a little different, but the one thing all have in common is reading. You already know that college entails a lot of reading. Guess what? Grad school is way worse.  Expect your reading load to triple, at least, in graduate school. With such a huge set of reading assignments, you might be tempted to fall behind and not read before class. Here are six reasons why you should avoid temptation and read ahead of the class. Make the Most of the Class Time Class time is valuable. Be sure that you can follow along. When you read ahead of time, you are more likely to understand the organization of the lecture. Youll be better able to figure out whats important and what isnt (and thereby take effective notes). Understand the Topic and What You Don't Understand If everything that you hear in class is new, how will you determine what you understand and whether you have questions? If you have read beforehand you can focus your attention on filling gaps in your understanding by paying more attention during some parts of the lecture and by asking questions. Participate Most classes require at least some participation. Be ready to answer questions and to discuss the topic. Its easy to participate when you know the topic. Reading beforehand helps you to understand the material and gives you time to consider your perspective and opinions. Dont get caught unprepared. Professors opinions matter - do not get caught faking it. Show Off Reading before class lets you show that youve read, that you care, and that you are intelligent. Youll be able to ask good questions and participate in a way that demonstrates preparation, interest, and mastery of the material. These are all positive marks in profs views. Participate in Group Work Many classes require group work, often in class. If you have read, you are ready and likely will not mooch off of your classmates, or benefit from their hard work. In turn, if you have read you can tell when the group is taking a wrong turn. Contrary to some stereotypes, effective group work requires preparation. Show Respect Reading ahead of time shows respect for the instructor and interest in the class. While instructors feelings should not be the primary motivator of your behavior, relationships with faculty are important and this is one easy way to get your relationship with your professor off to a good start. Think ahead—faculty are often important resources for advice, recommendation letters, and opportunities. Many students find reading tiresome, a great deal of work. Try employing reading strategies such as the SQ3R method.

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Araby, By James Joyce - 1013 Words

James Joyce’s short fiction, â€Å"Araby†, speaks of the loss of innocence when one enters adulthood. The narrator of â€Å"Araby† reflects back to his childhood and the defining moment when he reached clarity on the world he stood before. The young boy, living in a world lifeless and religious influence, becomes consumed with the lust of a neighbouring girl. The girl, Mangan, is symbolically the narrator’s childhood obsession with growing up. As she resembles the desire to become an adult, the Araby is the enchanted vision of adulthood. By the end of the short story, he realizes the bareness of everyday life. In fact, the disappointment that is Araby awakens the boy to the fact that his immature dreams have blinded him to the cold and stagnant†¦show more content†¦Like his feelings, he does not grasp what Mangan is completely. Joyce describes her in bursts, â€Å"her figure defined by the light of the half-opened door †¦ [h]er dress swung a s she moved her body, and the soft rope of her hair tossed from side to side† (1). The description is an idea of the girl but not the girl as a whole. She has no personality, no hopes and dreams, dictated to the reader. Mangan is simply the embodiment of temptation for the young narrator. The temptation, however, turned into pure lust at the thought of her since â€Å"[h]er image accompanied [him] even in places the most hostile to romance† (1). The daydreams are not as innocent as Joyce would like to believe. They are the sexual longings of an adolescent boy. It becomes so overwhelming that when he is alone he comes to his sexual peak in a very religious manner: â€Å"All my senses seem to desire to veil themselves and, feeling that I was about to slip from them, I press the palms of my hands together until they trembled, murmuring: ‘O love! O love!’ many times† (2). This chaste, yet sexual, action brings him into the honeymoon of adulthood. Mangan â€Å"[a]t last she spoke to [him]† (2), only due to him finally reaching adulthood status. She finishes her place as the serpent giving the narrator the fruit of knowledge by tempting him with the idea of the Araby. She speaks of it being a wonderful place, while spinning her silver bracelet around her wrist, likeShow MoreRelatedAraby and James Joyce1207 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story â€Å"Araby† is clearly identifiable as the work of James Joyce. His vocalized ambition of acquainting fellow Irish natives with the true temperament of his homeland is apparent throughout the story. Joyce’s painstakingly precise writing style can be observed throughout â€Å"Araby† as well. Roman Catholicism, which played a heavy role in Joyce’s life, also does so in the story which is another aspect which makes Joyce’s authorship of the story unmistakable. As a result of Irish heritage displayedRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce917 Words   |  4 PagesA raby is a short story by James Joyce about a young boy who is infatuated a young woman who is the older sister of one of his friends. He watches her from afar and believes that his feelings are true love. He lacks the confidence to speak to her or confide in anyone else. The narrator speaks of her as if she were the most beautiful and wondrous human on earth, however, he does not realize that he is in love with the thought of her and not necessarily her. The narrator lives in Ireland as James JoyceRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe short story â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce is a young boy who has such an infatuation for his friend Mangan sister, he begins to idolize her as if she was a saint. This is when the idea of love and desire come into play. He simply can’t stop thinking about her and sees her in a godly like way. As the story begins to unfold the realization that the young boy doesn t quite understand the concept of the illusion and the reality of what Mangan’s sister really means to him. The young boy realizes that hisRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce956 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story â€Å"Araby,† James Joyce uses religion to give a the story deeper meaning. The narrator of the story finds himself in a confusing love that is unrealistic and distorted. In â€Å"Araby,† Joyce uses an underlying theme of religion to portray a confusing admiration that is bro ught to a twisted end. Throughout â€Å"Araby† there is an underlying theme of religion. The boy himself lives with his uncle who is feared by the other kids on the street. If he is seen the kids â€Å"hid in the shadows† untilRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce1885 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Updike and â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce both introduce two young protagonist who both share in blinded adoration for young women. Both young men attempts to woo the young woman by proving their nobility. Both efforts go completely unnoticed by both girls and both young men are left alone dealing the aftermath of their failed nobility, which changes the way they view themselves. James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† is a medieval romance set in Dublin, Ireland. As we are introduced to the story, Joyce describes theRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce869 Words   |  4 Pages Araby In the short novel, Araby by James joyce which was one of the most influential writers in the modernist era of the early 20th century. In Araby, Joyce highlights a young boy who describes the North Dublin Street where he lives in a house with his aunt and uncle. The narrator recalls when he and his friends used to run through the dark muddy lanes of the house to avoid his uncle or when Mangan’s sister came out on the doorstep to call her brother in to his tea. He is obsessed with the youngRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce843 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Araby†, James Joyce uses the young unnamed boy as her main character. Representing himself in this first person view, the main character takes us on a journey that suggests the verge of adolescence. The events that take place in this story create a very clear image for us, reflecting the difficulties a young boy may undergo during the last years of his juvenile life. The awakening is sometimes unknowingly refreshing. He would watch the girl he most desires at times throughout the day as if mesmerizedRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce1451 Words   |  6 PagesJames Joyce, an Irish novelist, wrote fifteen short stories that depict Irish middle class life in Dublin, Ireland during the early years of the twentieth century. He entitled the compilation of these short stories Dubliners. The protagonist in each of these stories, shares a desire for change. This common interest motivates the protagonist and helps them to move forward in their lives. Additionally, the protagonist has an epiphany, or moment of realization or transformation. In â€Å"Araby†, the narratorRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce Essay1888 Words   |  8 PagesJames Joyce’s, Araby, is an emotional short story that centers around a nameless boy living in Dublin, with his aunt and uncle, who has a consuming crush on his friend’s sister. His love for her leads him to the Araby bazaar, and there he comes to a realizat ion about his immature actions. This event is the basis for the entire story, but the ideas Joyce promotes with this story revolve around the boy’s reactions to his feelings about his crush. Joyce spends much of the story describing the boy’sRead More Araby by James Joyce Essay620 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Araby† by James Joyce   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There seems to be a great deal of controversy surrounding the short story, â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce. This isn’t controversy dealing with various political issues or controversy involving issues of free speech or anything related to these things. It is of a more simple matter: whether the young boy in this story is capable of having a deep emotional realization at the conclusion of the story. It is obvious to me via the final sentence, (Araby, 398), that he does not make

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Phoenix Theatre Essay Example For Students

Phoenix Theatre Essay On 22nd May 2003, we all went to see Blood Brothers for the first time. Blood Brothers was written by Willy Russell and directed by Bob Tomson and Bill Kenwright, which was performed at the Phoenix Theatre.  The play was not a musical; alternatively it was a play with music. There isnt a lot of difference between a play with music and a musical, the only difference is that Willy Russell thought that a musical is continually based on love in which the songs are romantic and a play with music creates songs with deeper emotions; The lyrics are about the characters lives. The play was about two twin brothers who were separated at birth and then met up for the first time when they were 7 years old, but they didnt realise they were related. I thought that the play was made up of 8 themes  Class working class and higher class  o Motherly love  Life in Liverpool  Comedy and tragedy  Twins who are separated at birth  Love story  Superstition  From Childhood to Adulthood For instance, a big part was played by the theme of working class/higher class. I saw this as the two brothers was separated in to these categories; the Working class category was portrayed though Mickey and the higher class by Eddie. This caused them not to understand each other whilst putting their points across about the future of their lives. This was implied, when Mickey tells Eddie that he is going to finish school and get a job in the Chippy, whilst Eddie was going to finish school and go to university. They both had there own view. Their class was given to them though fate, and because of fate they were either working class or higher class. A minor difference could result in to a whole different life; the audience realised and were shocked by this when Mickey says, I could have been him. It made me imagine what if Mrs. Johnstone picked up Mickey instead of Eddie; their lives would have been totally the opposite. The whole play is based on motherly love. Mrs Johnstone is the mother of Eddie and Mickey among lots more children as well. She had to give up Eddie. The only reason Mrs Johnstone gave up Eddie was because she could not afford to feed another mouth. The council would have taken some of Mrs Johnstones children and put them in care, so to prevent that from happening she had to give one of her sons away, Eddie. However, she never forgot her son. Alternatively Mrs Lyons looked after Eddie as if it was her own flesh and blood and never told him that he was adopted and never made him feel that way either. One was kept, and one given a way. this is what is said. There was a good reason why Mrs. Johnstone did that, she received no joy in that, she got no pleasure out of it giving her son away either as an alternative she was given grief. The play made it clear to me that when Mrs. Johnstone gave Eddie the locket with her and Mickey photo in it, she hoped and wanted Eddie to remember them and wouldnt ever forget them. This scene was quite an emotional scene as Mrs. Johnstone was saying goodbye to her son for the second time. It was hard letting go the first time but it illustrate to the audience it was harder the second time because her son knew that this Lady was his friends mum, not knowing that she was his mum too. The play was directed using many techniques to demonstrating the directors points. One of the best techniques he used in the play was the mini nightmare sequence and the narrator sang the song the devils got your number standing behind either Mrs. Lyons or Mrs. Johnstone. That created a tensed atmosphere and made the character feels regretful. It also conveyed to me, as a member of the audience that the narrator was the conscience of both of the mothers. However I felt that narrator was more of a devil figure in the play. Because he manly said negative thing and constantly created a pessimistic vibe. .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3 , .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3 .postImageUrl , .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3 , .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3:hover , .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3:visited , .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3:active { border:0!important; } .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3:active , .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3 .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6ed0122e926532f0362549dec81da5c3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Welcome to Alabama EssayFor example I saw both of these characteristics of the narrator come though in a part of a scene. This occurred when Mrs. Lyons refused Eddie to meet Mickey ever again. She looks at the narrator (conscience and devil) and pulled her eyes away, which denoted to me that see was either running away from her conscience or sees the devil within her and ignores the fact that she knows that she is doing something heartless.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

The Horrors of Animal Testing free essay sample

This paper describes the horrible effects of experimenting on animals. This paper gives scientific and moral reasons why animal testing is wrong and unjustifiable. It details the effects on animals after experiments that are conducted in torture-like situations and how these tests are often unnecessary and/or avoidable. It shows how the law does not protect animals against being used for experiments, and that through the use of advances in technology animal testing has become obsolete. This paper uses statistics and scientific research to support its position. From the paper: More than 25 million animals suffer and die each year in American laboratories alone. (ADL) This continues despite the fact that humans have long known that most animals have an ability to feel pain as advanced, if not more advanced, than their own. Human pain is easily recognizable and universally accepted as fact. Most vertebrate animals exhibit pain in a nearly identical fashion. We will write a custom essay sample on The Horrors of Animal Testing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They writhe about, contort the muscles of their bodies and face, make sounds of distress and even calls for help. They will try to avoid the source of that pain, demonstrate fear when threatened with its re occurrence, and can even be conditioned to watch for warning signs.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Explanation on how Singapore can brand itself as a medical tourism hub

Singapore Island is currently positioning itself as a hub for medical tourism. The country’s health care sector attracts approximately over two hundred thousand patients from other countries on an annual basis.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Explanation on how Singapore can brand itself as a medical tourism hub specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The country is strategizing on how to serve one million patients by the near future since this would form crucial source of revenue to the government. The country is known to provide world class treatment based on modern-technology and best medical expertise. One of the largest private healthcare facilities in Asia is found in Singapore with highly competent physicians and nurses. These hospitals generally deal with the treatment of wide scope of ailments and patient care. Singapore’s hospitals also offer special clinics for international clients. The courte sy of their hospitals extends to receiving patients and their families from the airports and at the same time providing help on necessary arrangements. This makes Singapore’s health care industry outstand amidst the 140,000 hospitals serving within Asian region. The Asian population is expected to grow at a higher rate by 2050, providing a potential base for healthcare business (Chantarapitak, 2006). Singapore needs to beef up its medical tourism promotion through Medicine website. Such website would provide important links required to access Singapore’s major hospital chains, clinics, specific physicians as well as international patient centres.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The estimated regular tourist spending stands at $ 144 per day while that of medical tourists stand at $ 362. Coordinated national strategy within Singapore could be utilized to boost medi cal sector (Chantarapitak, 2006). National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS) and its Services mix The National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS) is a health facility found in Singapore specializing in the provision of cancer treatment services. The facility became a national cancer centre in the year 1999 and has evolved through the years to become an established regional centre used for research and cancer treatment. It became the first established one-stop multi-disciplinary centre where physicians are granted the opportunity to sub-specialize to deeply understand various types of cancer. In addition the NCCS became the first centre to introduce various innovative services for patients such as establishment of fluorescence diagnosis in 2004 and drug-induced light therapy. In addition the facility introduced use of Images-Guided Radiotherapy capable of enhancing radiation based treatment. NCCS is known as a regional and national centre of excellence. The centre also offers services on ca ncer prevention and deals with Thoracic, Pancreatic, Head, Hepatobiliary and Neck cancers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Explanation on how Singapore can brand itself as a medical tourism hub specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These cases are attended by highly qualified oncologists having international recognition. This makes it possible for the centre to offer internationally recognized services with the support of nursing and allied health professionals. The oncologists present at the centre provide comprehensive, multi-disciplinary cancer care services which include surgical, radiation and medical oncologists. The oncologists also conduct clinical and basic research aimed at prevention and treatment of cancer. The nature of training of the physicians is also an important aspect used to market the hospitals. Professionalism of the physicians within the hospital acts as an added advantage and a tool for promo ting quality services. The websites of Singapore should feature physicians and their training backgrounds including academic credentials. This guarantees consumers’ confidence since physicians providing their care are trained in the best world institutions. It is important for hospitals providing international care to encourage their physicians to obtain United States board certification which is used to signal international standard of training. Such certification helps medical facilities present an elite image within the international medical care sector. Most of the private hospitals focus on attracting customers from around the world. This provides opportunities for medical brokerages and at the same time outsourcing of health services for the purposes of cutting down costs (McNeill, 2009). The establishment of global market for health care services would benefit patients and the nature of health care delivery. However, both the advantages and disadvantages of medical tou rism require consideration for the reality in experience and organization of health systems.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More NCCS Brand elements The company’s brand image determines its current position, future development and progress within the market. The brand elements of the company include an encouraging statement offering sense of hope to patients and the presence of oncologist with the ability to listen and provide treatment patients from diversified backgrounds. The brand elements might not be likeable but provides the necessary information on NCCS activities and capabilities making it easier to memorize hence suitable for international market. Such positioning within the global market provided by attractive brand elements has contributed towards NCCS recognition as one of the sole leaders in health care sector. The facility utilizes the use of modern and upgraded technology hence providing patients with services associated with their preferred system. NCCS use elite professionalism as one of the aspects of pulling international patients, eventually; this has made them win considerable cus tomer base hence an outstanding brand name. The use of highly qualified oncologists and provision of one-stop integrated and holistic patient-focused services has helped the company gain popularity by serving 70% of all cancer cases within the public sector (Chantarapitak, 2006). At the same time the facility offers excellent work environment to its employees and this contributes to the company’s good image. However, for NCCS to strengthen its coverage there is need for reinforced relationship with consumers and other potential partners like prestigious colleges within the global marketplace. From technological view-point NCC works with facilities which ensures comprehensive digital document handling services, from storage to retrieval, and this is to the benefit of international customers. Such approaches helps the company to consolidate its relationship with potential customers and at the same time the provision of services prove cost-effective since it makes it easier to d eal with loyal customers. Such applications are usually considered of profound advantage within the competitive market environment especially in the effect that majority of the players apply modern technology (Kotler and Keller, 2007). The company’s involvement in training seminars within various countries all over the world and offering assistance in the building of institutions contributes towards its established image. They offer learning services focused on educating consumers on quality health care for the purposes of preventing future occurrences of cancer. The company’s image could as well be promoted through active involvement in environmental issues where they utilize their own resources to meet environmental objectives. Their concerns for the general health of the community enables them earn great favour with consumers (Kotler and Keller, 2007). Three pricing methods Used by NCCS Singapore owns the biggest share of the international patient market in Asia ahe ad of other regional competitors like Bangkok. The basic money unit in Thailand, baht, was devalued making it difficult for Singapore’s hospitals to compete for clients since the prices of other regions were lower (Chantarapitak, 2006). This made the government officials and hospital management to forgo discount offered on surgery market. At the same time the government invested in research and development making the country boom as a service economy. The investment was geared towards transforming the city-state into centre for biomedical activities. Despite the prices, Singapore’s hospitals were marketed as leading destinations for quality treatment hence attracting international interest (SCRI, 2001). International Pricing Participants within the international market usually charge different prices on the same good depending on the region of operation. The decision is based on various factors prevailing within the country of operation such as economic conditions. At the same time different marketing objectives may determine the pricing strategy adopted for various countries. Setting of international prices is also determined by consumer perceptions on the services provided and costs. In some occasions, services that appear relatively inexpensive at home carry higher price tags within other countries owing to differences in market conditions (Larson and Lusch, 1992). The nature of population of Singapore makes it possible for the government to draw international patients as well as medical specialists (Chantarapitak, 2006). There’s need to prevent the brain drain within health care sector and maximize on institutional efficiencies. Such move would also help in promoting economies of scale. With the increased influx of international patients to Singapore, there would be notable increase in hospital revenue and increased number of specialists owing to majority of health care providers’ interest in Singapore. Most of the medical equip ment would be affordable to hospitals leading to increased contribution of health care to Singapore’s economy (Grimwade, 2000). Geographical pricing This represents the act of pricing goods and services based on geographical zones. Prices can at times be charged based on the distance covered for the good or service to reach the intended consumer. Zone pricing is when the company sets its prices based on zones (Magretta, 2002). Customers from a given zone are entitled to single total price; hence the distance plays an important role in pricing of commodities. Base-point pricing is the process where a seller identifies specific city as point of reference when calculating total costs and prices of goods and services. Psychology pricing At some point international consumers basically use prices to judge on the product quality. In this kind of pricing, sellers base their mathematics on psychology of prices rather than the economics. Higher quality goods and services are perceived to be higher priced than the actual cost. Consumers normally resort to price level for the purposes of judging the quality in cases where they are unable to judge quality based on information and skill (Rosenbloom, 2007). The reference price is reached after comparison between current, present and past prices. Consumers’ reference pricing can then be used by sellers as a means of setting price of goods and services. One of the major determinants of consumer response towards goods and services within the market is the level of price attached to it. Prices also determine the degree of loyalty to a particular brand. Higher prices always have the tendency of turning away potential clients. It is necessary for International companies to adopt new technologies capable of assisting them in improving their marketing abilities. This ultimately helps in building strong reputation within the market of operation. Evaluation of prices through customer perspective is a very crucial aspect and helps in contributing towards the Company’s performance internationally. It is important for the company to adopt the use of Business Score Card system since this assists the company make clear focus on customer centric measures which include; lead times, on-time delivery services, customer index and consumer satisfaction levels. Such strategies help in creating some level of uniformity in the way services are offered across various regions (Jaworski and Kohli, 1991). Partnerships The two possible partners recommended for NCCS are Joint Commission International (JCI) and Manchester Cancer Centre (MCC). Since NCCS desires to compete favourably within the global market, there is need for creating a partnership with competent organizations capable of assessing the required international standards within the hospital. Such international accreditation services are offered by an American company, which assists in assessing the global standards. Hence, NCCS needs to partner with Joint Commission International (JCI) which serves as one of the known organization providing international accreditation of hospitals services. The body has regional offices in Dubai and Singapore and hence provides an opportunity to market NCCS since it plays crucial role in hospital marketing campaigns. JCI labels provide necessary signals that an accredited hospital offers quality and safe international services hence recommended for patients (Chantarapitak, 2006). NCCS needs to promote cancer advocacy and research within other regions including Asia. To ensure this is accomplished, NCCS should partner with other national cancer centres in Asia. At the same time, the facility requires more improvement within its research portfolio. Such provisions require quality training programs which can only be achieved through collaboration with such institutions as Manchester Cancer Centre. Partnership with Manchester Cancer Centre (MCC) would help in enriching NCCS research capabilities s ince it believes in learning and sharing of information. The nature of trainings and credentials provided by MCC, help in shaping up the services provided by NCCS, within the global market. This provides a good platform for NCCS in targeting international patients since they will advertise their physicians and nurses as those from elite learning institutions. The issue on co-branding plays major role in enriching international health services marketing campaigns since they send signals on quality of care at affordable prices (SCRI, 2001). Trainings received at elite institutions and partnerships with these institutions are used as tools to sell health services since the symbols used for advanced biomedical technologies provide an indication that the hospitals offer high-quality health care services. For instance, Apollo Hospitals are known for their advanced diagnostic imaging suites (Paswan, 2003). Such institutions permit health care providers to undertake services at affordable r ates which would otherwise be charged highly within United States. These facilities would help in protecting the image of hospitals in Singapore. Marketing communication tools utilized The communication objective suitable for promoting the company amongst South Koreans is building awareness and providing information. Hierarchy-of-effects model is often explained by use of pyramid comprising of various objectives. International patients can be drawn to private hospitals within Singapore by use of various marketing tools. This can be done through various channels such as hospital websites, television commercials, newspaper advertisements, medical brokerages, press releases and word-of-mouth marketing. The use of the internet provides easy access to medical and hospital information to international clients. Many prospective international clients are always concerned about the quality and safety of health services within Singapore (Chantarapitak, 2006). The nature of quality of medical services has been identified as a major impediment to health services available at international facilities. These calls for change of marketing strategies within the international market, such strategies should strongly signal quality, competence and high standards on international care. Since the Company is new in South Korea, there is need to first of all establish its identity within the market. NCCS would use their brand name, the services they offer and present achievements. This should be communicated through internet and social cites to capture the attention of consumers since majority of population in S. Korea use internet. Detailed information on the nature of facilities, wide range of services offered with its rich base of oncologists could be communicated through the media. Such services should incorporate detailed information on the sub-specialist teams and their elaborate areas of coverage such as women’s cancers (Breast, Ovarian, Cervical and Endometrium). Info rmation should be based on the recent accomplishments of NCCS towards complicated matters, the recent being in 2006 where they established an expansive molecular roadmap of stomach cancer. Also the establishment of a first-in-man mini allogeneic stem cell transplant capable of handling advanced nasopharyngeal cancer. Such kind of communication is capable of marketing the quality of NCCS services to patients (Rangaswamy and Van Bruggen, 2005). The use of newspapers and magazines as communication tools could be utilized in the process of providing detailed information on NCCS and also making comparison between the kind of services offered at NCCS and other hospitals within the region. The conviction might not automatically lead to purchase of the company’s services, hence the need to offer the services at affordable prices and at the same time promotional activities where consumers are allowed to access the facilities free of charge. The best tool that can be utilized in this c ase is advertising since it is capable of creating a series of fulfilled mental effects within the consumers (Sinickas, 2007; Doole and Lowe, 2008). The use of public relations could also be utilized since it helps in building good relationship between NCCS and Korean patients. This would make NCCS brand, more attractive hence promoting the company’s image within the new market. Public relations would adequately expose the facilities strength and efficiency through available media. Using the media would help in familiarizing the market about distinct services provided at NCCS. Efficiency can be realized through public relations since it has the capability of creating stronger impact amongst the public at a lesser cost. Conducting immunotherapy trials in Korea where patients are assisted in fighting cancer through reprogramming their immune system. Such activity would provide good platform for relations since people’s attention would be attracted and eventually interest ed in obtaining more information about NCCS services. Focus on effective use of public relations should be utilized since they have access to media channels including websites. This should be utilized in the process of providing necessary information to consumers. Utilization of company’s local sites in marketing has quick identification and location of the various services offered by hospitals, free listing services and intensive sales promotion contributes towards capturing good percentage of market share. Summary on the significant components of service brand equity in healthcare sector The study examines the three significant components of service brand equity and the relationship existing amongst its components. The methodology approach of the study involved a survey which was done amongst two hundred and six respondents from the city. The analysis of the data was then done by the use of statistical analysis. Brand loyalty and the nature of service given are all importan t aspects of marketing health care sector. At the same time brand image poses indirect effects on service brand equity. Data used in the study was collected from city residents who were knowledgeable about health care sector and had at least four year experience with hospitals. This was seen as the only research limitation available. However, the overall research provided the required information which can be used to enhance and sustain competition through service brand equity. Table 1: Information on Journal Article Conclusion Singapore’s approach to medical tourism incorporates strategies capable of impacting the four functions of management. This involves internal planning which incorporates quality of services and human resource management which ultimately narrows down to good financial management and creation of favourable working environment to all employees. Focusing on external plans would ensure formidable partnerships with other potential companies, legislative inf luences and technological innovations. However, in case of partnerships and collaborations, the hospitals need to account for demographical changes by offering equal opportunities to all its employees. In such circumstances, service delivery mechanisms and information set-ups require much attention to ensure maintenance of quality standards. References Chantarapitak, P. (2006). The transformation into one of the leading destinations for Health care. Singapore Med. Assoc. News, (38), 25–27. Doole, I. Lowe, R., (2008). International Marketing Strategy.  Web. Grimwade, N. (2000). International trade: New patterns of trade, production   Investment. (2nd Ed.). New York: Rout ledge. Jaworski, B. Kohli, A. K. (1991). Market orientation: Antecedents and consequences,  Journal of Marketing, 57, (3), 53-70. Kotler, P. Keller, K. (2007). Marketing Management. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., Brady, M., Goodman. M., Hansen, T. (2009). Marketingà ‚  Management. 1st European edition Harlow: Prentice Hall Larson, P. D. Lusch, R. F. (1992). Functional integration in marketing channels: A Determinant of product quality and total cost, Journal of Marketing Channels, 2(1)1-28 Magretta, J., (2002). Why business models matter. Harvard Business Review, (80), 86-92 McNeill, R. G. (2009). The Go-To-Market Frontier: Global Account Management (GAM). Journal of Global Business and Technology (1), 12-29 Paswan, A. K. (2003). Channel support activities and perceived goal orientation: An Exploration in the Indian market, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 15(4), 19-41 SCRI, (2001). National Cancer Centre Singapore. Retrieved from https://www.scri.edu.sg/ Sinickas, A. (2007). Measuring the impact of New Media Tools, Strategic  Communication Management, 11(3), 11 Rangaswamy, A. Van Bruggen, G. (2005). Opportunities and challenges in Multichannel marketing: An introduction to the special issue, Journal of Interactive Marketing , 19(2) 5-11 Rosenbloom, B. (2007). Multi-channel strategy in business-to-business markets: Prospects and problems, Industrial Marketing Management, 36 This report on Explanation on how Singapore can brand itself as a medical tourism hub was written and submitted by user Brendon Love to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Clockwork orange movie evaluation Essays

Clockwork orange movie evaluation Essays Clockwork orange movie evaluation Paper Clockwork orange movie evaluation Paper A Clockwork Orange is a psychological thriller that examines and analyzes the effects of a corrupt individual and societys attempts to reintegrate him. The director Stanley Kubrick depicts a deeply chilling and disturbing story of a young man by the name of Alex and is considered a menace to society who is eventually punished for his wrong doings and given the chance of a lifetime to reinvent himself. The new an innovative way to reintegrate disturbed individuals into society is through a type of conditioning that causes a nauseating reaction to violent acts for the patient. It is difficult to determine the time period of the film since Kubrick uses scenery that makes it appear as though it could take place today, tomorrow, yesterday, or even fifty years in the future making it applicable to all times. In addition, Kubrick is very cautious to use problems in society that have been evident and irksome since the beginning of man such as rape, muggings, murder, etc. With this stunning combination of societys everyday problems, A Clockwork Orange is the type of movie that appeals to all time periods and will always be applicable to the troubles that are present in todays society. The psychological aspect of the movie is the way in which society wishes that it could deal with them through a simple program that allows the individual to be reborn in a sense and make it physically impossible for them to return to their old devious ways. The conditioned versus an unconditioned response technique is a major factor in Alexs transformation toward becoming an acceptable human being in society. During the first half of the movie before Alex undergoes treatment, he is shown with his fellow droogs or his small four member gang that creates havoc throughout England with their acts of ultra-violence where they commit heinous acts of violence and on random victims. Alex and his droogs are shown in the first scene of the movie at their favorite local hang out joint called the Korova Milkbar where they indulge themselves in drugged milk beverages. The movie never directly states what is in the milk, yet after drinking it, the droogs all seem very excited and almost imagining their environment. This leads one to believe that there was some type of an amphetamine or hallucinogen because the amphetamine would cause an increase in energy and alertness while the hallucinogens caused a sensory distortion (Kalat 94). The amphetamine is considered a stimulant which causes an increase in the activities levels and pleasure which explains the groogs eagerness to go out and expend seemingly endless amounts of energy without so much as breaking a sweat (Kalat 95). This particular milkbar is very unusual in that, the entire room is filled with sexual images of women in compromising positions that are dispersed throughout the room and available to give the laced milk from their nipples. Alex and his groogs hit the streets to begin their night of ultra-violence and it begins with the senseless beating of a drunken homeless man under a bridge. From there, the group heads out even more anxious than before and go to a home of a crippled man and his wife. Upon tricking the wife to allow them in saying they had an awful car accident, and upon entering the four boys begin to rape the woman in front of her husband while he was senselessly beaten. The only major difference between the two encounters is that the boys were a wiser and wore masks during their attack. The psychological aspect during this part of the movie is more to realize the mental capacity of the attackers. The groogs and especially Alex are not phased by the ruthless violence and desperate cries for help from their victims. Most psychologists would conclude from these observations that Alexs problems are not that he enjoys violence, but rather he had a troubled childhood along with his uninvolved parents that shaped him into the monster that he had become. It has been agreed that the majority of social development in humans is established in the earlier stages of childhood and adolescence. One aspect of the movie that infers that Alex has a unique and troubled home life is almost any scene that involves his parents. Alexs parents are very distant and unconcerned with his activities and lack of attendance at school. They are the typical example of uninvolved parents who are very uninterested in their childs activities, do not spend time with them, and may spend very little time with them (Kalat 194). This type of parenting can lead to children who are generally impulsive and undisciplined. Agreeing with this observation is that Alex may have been raised in a broken home and that his mother in the movie is not in fact his biological mother. It is believed that children in broken homes may have more difficulties in the real world have a greater difficulty with their academics, social, and emotions (Kalat 194). This could lead Alex to grow up according to the belief that his attachment was never fully developed to one parent and that he developed later in life the inability to have close relations with others. This includes his friends or groogs who he seems to simply bully around and never confide any secrets or let on that he has confidence in them. Furthermore, Alex has a constant problem with a sexual addiction where he has one night stands and orgies with random girls, yet fails to develop a substantial relationship. This lack of closeness also may have contributed to Alexs inability to identify exactly where he fit in with society and his small identity crisis that he experiences. He seems to be having trouble with his concern with decisions about the future and the quest for self-understanding because he is rather nonchalant about looking toward the future and simply lives off the constant high of his ultra-violence (Kalat 186). Alex is eventually caught for his mischievous acts and given the opportunity to undergo an experimental program to supposedly cure all his illness. The government at this time is offering a new and innovative way to cure disturbed individuals through an extreme version of conditioning. Pavlov first discovered that certain stimulants triggered natural responses in both humans and animals which he called the unconditioned response since it needed no training or reinforcement to encourage it (Kalat 207). By placing another stimulant in addition to the natural response, the animal then reacted to both the stimulant and the natural response in the same way. Alexs government used his unconditioned response of enjoying violence and attempted to correct it by injecting him with a nauseating inducing drug before being shown violent acts. In turn while watching the violent acts Alex began to learn the conditioned response that while he watched violent nature he would feel a wave of immense sickness overwhelm him. While the effects of the drug were the most prevalent Alex was shown films of graphic nature that included rape, murders, and all of the old activities of Alexs past that he used to take pleasure in. All the while, Alex listened to the music of Ludwig von Beethoven during the films in the background. Strangely enough to Alex, he begins to feel an overwhelming feeling that he simply wants to die a calm and painless death despite the fact that Beethoven had once been his favorite composer and that violence once gave him a euphoric feeling. The combination of music the nauseating feeling became the conditioned stimulus which means that they were the new stimulus that induced the conditioned response for Alex to not partake in violence. After many sessions involving this nauseating feeling associated with the violent images, Alex was released back into society and claimed to be completely cured. A simple cure was impossibility due to the fact that those who Alex had hurt in his life such as the homeless man, his groogs, and the crippled old man still had the feelings of resentment toward him. The old man began to beat on Alex with the help of the other homeless people and Alex could do nothing to defend himself but instead sat there being beaten and regaining that nauseating feeling while wanting to die due to his conditioned response. Eventually, Alex coincidentally returns to the home where he had previously raped the woman and her crippled husband recognizes Alex; he locks Alex in a room with the music of Beethoven that was played during the violent images. This unconditioned response causes Alex to go insane without having seen any violence at all. This response is a result of classical conditioning is the result that what had once prepared Alex to watch violent images now cause Alex the same feelings whether or not he is viewing the images. While in the room Alex goes to the extreme and attempts to commit suicide. This does not work and Alex is treated at the local hospital while those in charge of his classical conditioning responses were reprimanded for an inhumane process and treatment. The movie does not directly state, but it leads one to believe that Alex had some type of brain surgery to reverse his classical conditioning effects. It does not appear as though any type of extinction or a removal of the classical conditioning through any other experiments other than surgery (Kalat 210). Soon Alex is back to his old ways of demoralizing women and undisturbed by his thoughts of ultra-violence. It is evident that through this film the idea of classical conditioning being used to reprimand a human or try and change characteristics are futile. While the classical conditioning worked, it may be said that it worked too well and that Alex was unable to be reintroduced into a society where there is a constant negative reinforcement for what he sees. Even if Alex is not actively participating in the violent acts he still is negatively reinforced causing him suicidal thoughts and actions. The problem with Alexs treatment was that the only positive reinforcement, or an encouragement to achieve a conditioned response, was that he no longer craved violence or sex, although it was seemingly easy to reverse the effects of his study. Overall, Alex is a perfect case of the negative effects of classical conditioning and brings up the question if perhaps there is no simple answer to cure any disturbed individuals within a society.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Cross cultural pragmatics Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cross cultural pragmatics - Research Proposal Example According to the face-saving view, â€Å"face† is considered to be an equivalent of person’s self-image as, through interaction; it can be damaged, maintained or enhanced. On the other hand, the conversational maxim view provides a Corporative Principle (CP) through which individuals must follow the maxim of quantity, quality, relevance, and perspicuous. However, the view has been challenged for ignoring the non-cooperative behavior and setting moral maxims for proper language behavior. The major aim of the research study is to determine developmental progress in request strategies across cultures. The research study aims at addressing three research questions so as to arrive at a justifiable reason and recommendation. Therefore, the research question listed below will help in the determination of the research problem. As aforementioned, the research study will embark on questionnaire format as a Discourse Completion Task (DCT) in the research design methodology. The study examines the difference in Saudis in Saudi Arabia and Saudis who have spent at least five months in Australia against native English speakers. A total of 96 respondents from three different social status level , higher, equal, and lower took part in the survey: 30 Saudis (13 females and 17 males), 35 Saudis who have spent at least five months in Australia (18 females and 17 males), and 31 native English speakers (15 females and 16 males). Previous studies have shown a significant effect on request production based on speaker’s or hearer’s social distance, level of imposition, power, age, and sex. Therefore, it is important to keep the hearer unnamed to avoid such imposition. All the participants were of university level with an age bracket 18 to 35. As part of the survey, Saudis respondents were expected to complete questions with 20 different situations, regarding their degree of contact

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Feasibility study for Creating my own business where I buy and sell Research Paper

Feasibility study for Creating my own business where I buy and sell homes, I will hire employees and need the funding - Research Paper Example Currently the concept of entrepreneurship is widely accepted and is judged as a vital part of the contemporary world and a well established erudite discipline (Thompson 35-50). Moreover, government of a number of countries also judge entrepreneurship as a mantra for success and development of the economy. The present study aims to evaluate feasibility of a new business venture. it will include buying and selling of homes and will come under real estate sector. Also, employees will be recruited for the business and funding will be provided with government institutions such as banks. The study will evaluate the various factors influencing a real estate business. These include operations, economical, marketing, financial etc. Also support services required for overall establishment of the business will be discussed. The target market for the business will be discussed and a systematic analysis of business strategies will be done. Target market One of the foundations of building a good b usiness is finding out clients. As it is commonly said, until we know whom to sell, it is almost impossible to know how to sell. Choosing a target market not only helps to focus on a niche segment, but also helps in fine tuning the support services to suit the target market needs. In order to define a niche target market, two broad categories can be established. Income levels and life stage The first target groups in this category are first time sellers or buyers. The probable home they seek will be of basic design and construction and afterwards working their way up in the property ladder as their income, family and needs grow. The next target group will be customers purchasing a second home who either are looking to downside or upsize. Other target group will be high end expensive and luxury seller or buyer. Doing business with these clients will mean higher commission, high amount of hand-holding and personal involvement, monetary risk and expensive collaterals (Beri 46-69). Apar t from the above, there are recreational buyers who need highly specialized and unique areas of focus. Demographics According to age demographics, clients can be divided into seniors, gen X and gen Y. accordingly, different business tactics can be made in order to attract these demographics into the business. While it is clear that seniors will look for a more traditional and ethnic style, gen X will be contemporary and evolving while gen Y will be technologically oriented (Croft 35-50). Each of the groups discussed above have their collective individuality, cultural icons, memories that can be worked with. Another criterion which can be added is through philosophy and lifestyle which may include country or city, a detached or fully integrated lifestyle, an eco-friendly environment or a home with full amenities (Hoagland and Williamson 57-75). Apart from that, business can also consider factors such as current location of the clients, real estate as well as educational levels of cli ents. In order to facilitate the process of acquiring right target market, the business can also

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Bioethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Bioethics - Assignment Example Weight measurements will be taken, and these can be compared with results from the literature about what is healthy and normal for the particular breed of dog. Secondly, energy levels will be measured, again based upon what is normal for the breed. This will be subjective and assessed by trainers who do not know which diet the puppies are taken, to make sure there is no bias. Finally, blood pressure measurements will be taken weekly throughout the course of the experiment to ensure that the puppies are healthy and to avoid ethical problems of the experiment. Another important part of designing a scientific experiment is to work out the participants, or the ‘sample’. Scientific studies work best with larger sample sizes to eliminate bias (Shannon & Kockler, 2009). When working with dogs, it can be beneficial to use a variety of breeds to ensure that the hypothesis and results can be applied to all dogs. Therefore it was decided that 100 dogs would be tested, 50 on each diet. 25 different breeds (or combination of breeds in mongrels) will be used, so that 2 of each breed will be taking part in each diet group. It is important to randomize the dogs that are chosen to go on each diet. Grouping each breed as a four and then randomly assigning them a diet is the best way of doing this (Shannon & Kockler, 2009). It is important that each one follows the diet strictly for the four weeks of the experiment, as any deviation from this could cause a false result. This means the dogs must be observed at all times to ensure that they do not eat any food from another dog’s meal. Each dog must also have the same amount of exercise and be housed in the same size kennel as the other dogs from that breed to ensure fairness when measuring the results. Differences in exercise could cause a major difference in the weight measurement particularly, and this would be a confounding variable. Each dog would also have to take their meals at

Friday, November 15, 2019

The revenues and profits of TESCO

The revenues and profits of TESCO Tesco Plc is the third largest retailer in the world in terms of revenues and second largest in terms of profits. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesco ). Tesco is a conglomerate business which offers alternative goods and services such as food, insurance, banking, fuel, online shopping-through its subsidiary Tesco.com, optician, mobile, clothing etc. Tesco has designed various outlets to meet different customers needs. The United Kingdom (UK) is the companys largest market. Tesco operate under four banners namely Express, Metro, Extra and Superstore. Retail analysts have identified three main reasons for this. Tescos are everywhere; Sell to everyone; Sell everything Tesco has a market share of 30% in the UK according to the data from TNS world panel. Tescos market share is double than its closest competitor Asda Supermarket which has a market share of 17% in UK. In UK there are more than 2280 stores and internationally it has 2077 stores. Around 469,000 staff work for Tesco and about 283,000 of them work in UK. Tesco almost has sixteen and half million club card members in UK and twenty million outside the UK, in nine countries across the globe. (http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/apr/21/tesco-facts). Tesco have stores in 14 countries across Asia, Europe, North America, Malaysia and Thailand. Tesco was set up in 1919 by Jack Cohen and is now the biggest private sector employer in the UK. Tescos first store was open in 1929 Burnt oak in Edgware. Since overtime the company is growing and developing and responding to the dynamic environment. Tescos main competitors are Asda, Sainsbury, and Morrisons TESCOS VALUES The core value of Tesco is to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. Our success depends on people; the people who shop with and the people who work with us. No one tries harder for customer: (understand customers, be first to meet their needs, act responsibly for our communities) Treat people as we like to be treated. (Work as a team, trust and respect for each other, listen, support and say thank you share knowledge and experience) All the above mentioned in Tescos Every little Helps Strategy. (www.tescoplc/ourvalues) Tescos planning process runs each year on a quarterly basis in May, August and November, which helps to adjust staffing level and recruit new staffs when necessary. This allows Tesco to get sufficient time and flexibility to meet the demands for staffs and allows the company to meet its strategic objectives, for example open new stores and maintain customer service levels. The organization applies Maslows theory of motivation to internally motivate esteems needs of their employees by recognizing the importance of motivating their staff to progress their career within the company. Tesco practice of so called talent planning which will encourage people to work their way through, on the steps that will help the organization achieve its business goals and employees to achieve their personal and career goals. (http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-studyrecruitment-selection132-323-2.php) Goals and objectives of the organization The goals and objectives of a company is what the company hopes to achieve in a specific time period. It is the reason for the existence of the organization; it is what drives the organization, the employees and management in their day to day activities. Tescos goals and objectives are: 1. To maximize sales 2. To grow and maintain the number one retail company in the United Kingdom 3. Tesco wants to outshine their competitors and remain the market leader 4. The main aim of Tesco is to maximize profit 5. To provide goods/services that is cheap and affordable to consumers or the public (http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_aims_and_objectives_of_Tesco) According to Tesco their core purpose is to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. They further go on to state that their success depends on people, both those who shop with and work with them. As Britains largest retailer and the number three in the world, Tesco endeavors to meet their lofty objectives by providing their customers with excellent value for their money with highly competitive prices and top notch customer service. Ultimately by pleasing, their customer and capturing their business for life, this will make them a highly profitable business and in turn also please their shareholders. The aims and objectives of Tesco are based on product, price, place and public. Tesco place is a wide supermarket chain and is one of the biggest in the world. Inclusive in its general aims is also the need for survival and meeting stake holders needs. Subtly underlying all of Tescos beliefs, values, policies and practices is the aim to retain loyal customers. Tesco has captured this in their mission statement, which says to Retain Loyal People. In order to achieve this goal Tesco gives out club cards to its customers and gives them points anytime they come shopping. Organizations structure and design The purpose of organizational structure is to define the protocols, parameters and the procedural process necessary for a group to achieve the organizational objectives. In many organizations structure is a communication channel through which information is passed. No one structure is the best one. Structure will depend on the organization size, when the organization is big it has to have a formal organizational structure. Structure is the pattern of relationships among positions in the organizations and among members of the organization. Structure of the organization does not only affects productivity and economic efficiency but it also increases the morale and job satisfaction of the employs. Drucker (1989) stated that good organization structure does not by itself produce good performance. But a poor organization structure makes good performance impossible, no matter how good the individual managers may be. To improve organization structureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦will therefore always improve performance. Importance of good structure is emphasized by child as the allocation of responsibilities, the grouping of functions, decision-making, coordination, control and reward all these are the fundamental requirements for the continued operation of an organization. The quality of an organizations structure will affect how well these requirements are met. Child (1988). Mannud (1999) emphasized that organizational design is a key feature for allowing an individual to achieve their personal needs as well as objective of the organization. The structure and design of an organization will determine if the goals of the organization and that of the work force would be achieved. The organizational design provides a framework within which the individual and group can work effectively in order to meet collective goals. The various types of organizational structure includes flat, hierarchical, functional, divisional, matrix among others. Some organizations may use one or a combination of two structures to run the organization more smoothly depending on the size and situation of the organization. In our research we discovered that Tesco use a combination of both the flat (decentralization) and hierarchical structure to run the organization effectively. Decentralization structure is mainly used when the organization is big in size and is geographical separated from different parts of the organizations. Decentralization is integrated with empowerment and delegation which brings about autonomy in the organizations. Source http://www.learnmanagement2.com/flat%20structure.htm Hierarchical structure has a various levels within the organization; each level is one above the other. Each level in the hierarchy structure has different levels of power, management and authority. A hierarchy structure defines roles of each employee within the organizations and their relationship with other employees. Source http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Tr-Z/Virtual-Organizations.html Tesco have two organizational structures; one for the company as a whole, which is hierarchical structure, with just six levels between chief executives and the check out staffs. The other structure is flat (decentralization) structure used in each of their stores. The store structured used by Tesco is very easy to understand as it clearly shows control of each level and because of its simplicity it allows employees to see who is in charge of each department or who their department or line managers are. Impacts of the structured used by Tesco Regardless of what form of structure is adopted, whether hierarchical, flat or matrix, it has an impact on the organizational effectiveness. There is no one best structure to use but rather it depends on the organization size and situation that meets the need of the organization in order to achieve its goals and objectives. A clear organizational design and the establishment of a strong organizational structure can increase or maximize a companys effectiveness. Impacts of the hierarchical structure on Tesco In the hierarchical structure it is easy to implement a common policy in the organizations, as a whole and it provides a consistent strategy throughout the organization. This structure helps to improve economies of scale and reduce management cost. Hierarchical structure encourages greater use of specialization and improved decision making as the instructions comes from the top authority. According to McGregor (1960), Theory of X, where workers are seen as rational economic individuals, people are naturally lazy and have an inherent dislike of work. The average person avoids responsibility, prefers to be directed. Therefore, most people must be controlled, directed, coerced and threatened with punishment in order to enable organization to achieve its goals. On the other hand, the hierarchical organizational structure can have adverse effect on the organizations effectiveness. Organizations can be bureaucratic and respond slowly to changing customer needs and the market within which the organization operates. The decision making will be slow which will affect the organization. The hierarchical structure restricts personal growth and self- realization which will lead to failure, frustration and conflicts. Communication across various sections can be poor especially horizontal communication. The hierarchical structure also leads to low motivation and morale. This is because there is not enough delegation. Lack of clarity and relevant, timely information to the right people and inadequate procedures for revaluation of past decision can lead to late and inappropriate decision. Impacts of decentralized structure of TESCO; Decentralized organization structure makes manager feel more comfortable at his position and will be able to take decisions with ease. Staffs will have more responsibilities which will empower them in decision making and in turn will motivate employees and increase productivity. It creates improved communication between staff and management. It also enables the staff to judge the situation within their working environment thereby expanding their knowledge and experience. In this structure top bottom chain of command is short but on the other hand Span of control is much wider than others which will improve the efficiency of organization. Decentralization structure can limit the business growth. When there is any change which needs to be implemented, employees will not fully accept it and will take a long time before it will be fully embraced by the whole organization. At times employees have more than one manager, this often obstruct the performance of an organization because managers want to apply different methods according to their own finding or ideas, so it becomes a barrier in a way of proper communication among the staff and their superiors. The internal and external environment in which the organization is operating INTERNAL FACTORS EXTERNAL FACTORS OF TESCO PESTEL stands for Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors. Its purpose is to assess the industry in which an organization operates. Examples of each factor are: Political Tax policies, Trade restrictions, Tariffs. Economic Economic growth, Interest rates, Inflation rates. Sociological Culture, Health consciousness, Age distribution. Technological Ecological aspects, Research and development, rate of technological change. Legal Health and safety laws, Consumer laws and regulations. Environmental Recycling policies, pollution. Due to the nature of the Tescos organization with particular reference to how it has branded and marketed itself, and the current economic climate, the assessment of external factors by a PESTEL analysis has been crucial in Tescos success. This is because Tesco has taken into account the implications for consumers, employees, stakeholders, associated organizations and the companys mission statement. Political factor: Politically, the credit crunch may lead to higher numbers of unemployment. As one of the largest and fastest growing retailers more jobs will be available with Tesco therefore helping to reduce the levels of unemployment. As Tesco is an international organization having stores in several countries, thus Tesco will be influenced by the political and legislative conditions of those countries, including European Union. Government encourages retailers to provide a mixture of job opportunities from flexible, lower-paid and locally-based jobs to highly-skilled, higher-paid and centrally-located jobs under employment legislations. Tesco employs large numbers of, students, disabled and elderly workers, often paying them lower rates. In an industry with a typically high staff turnover, these workers offer a higher level of loyalty and therefore represent desirable employees. Economical Factors: Economic factors are of concern to Tesco, because they are likely to affect demand, costs, prices and profits. On the economy side one of the most influential factor is the unemployment rate, which reduces the effective demand for many goods, adversely affecting the demand for such goods to be produced. These factors are largely beyond the control of the company, but its performance and marketing mix is profound. Although Tescos international business is still growing, but still it is highly depended on the UK market. Tesco controlled 30.8% of the UK grocery market as of May 2009 and 9% of the UK non-food retail market. The majority of its sales and profits are generated in its 2,282 UK stores, which are segmented into the following formats: Tesco Express neighbourhood convenience store that focuses on fresh products, 961 stores Tesco Metro city centre convenience store,174 stores Tesco Superstore conventional supermarket, 448 stores Tesco Extra hypermarket that serves an entire community, 177 stores Tesco Home plus and One-Stop account for its remaining stores The company also sells general merchandise through Tesco Direct; its online and catalogue businesses. Tescos strategy of following the shopper remains more relevant now than ever, and this has helped the business to move into 2010 on the front foot, following strong trading over the key Christmas period. Having increased UK sales by  £3.6bn last year, Tesco remains heavily focused on delivering growth, offering significant scale opportunities across its estate. And with Tesco now seeing signs of wider economic recovery coming through, the retailer is targeting significant growth ahead. Club card is attracting new shoppers to Tesco stores, while the proposition is being reinforced in-store as new range initiatives are developed. Add to this an ambitious expansion plan for the UK and a growing international opportunity for suppliers, and the attraction of Tesco as a retailer account grows further. Tescos has reported a pre -tax profit of  £1.6m in half year and sales were boosted by strong Asian sales. Sales growth is UK has increased by 5% in contrast to Asia in the past three months. Overall Tescos sales grew by 8.3% to  £32.9bn. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11474282) Tesco has also announced to hire 16,000 new staffs this year, out of which 9,000 will be hired in UK. Sociological factors: The Sociological aspect of the PESTEL analysis for Tesco involves considerations such as the increase in immigration of Eastern Europeans or increase in young professionals. Change in customers taste and preferences have to be considered when carrying out strategic analysis. Current trends show that customers have begun to move to one-stop and bulk shopping, which is due to changes in society. Naturally there is always a demand for new product, hence Tesco have to offer a range of products for their customers to choose from. Due to demographic changes such as the aging population, an increase in female workers and a decline in home cooking means that UK retailers need to also focus on value added products and services. As the awareness of organic product grows customers are now buying more organic foods, TESCO has the largest share of organic product sales, selling over 1200 organic product lines. Technological factors: Technological factors which have perhaps had the most impact on Tesco have been the growth in the use of the internet. When new technologies are introduced in the business, it benefits both the customers and the company thus increasing customer satisfaction because commodities are readily available. The TESCO website, www.tesco.com is the largest online supermarket in the world. Tesco stores uses following technologies: Wireless devices Radio Frequency Identification Self check-out machine Intelligent Scale Electronic shelf labelling The use of Electronic Point of Sale (Epos), Electronic Funds Transfer Systems (EFTPoS) and electronic scanners have greatly improved the efficiency of distribution and stocking activities, with needs being communicated almost in real time to the supplier. Finch, (2004). They have capitalized on the use of online shopping and provide a delivery service through their website at www.tesco.com. Customers can now shop without physically going to the stores; hence they are able to retain this clichà © of customers who have little time to go in stores. Through the use of extranet system Tescos communication flow between the company and its business partners is very effective and hence facilitates collaborative relationship. Tescos investment into technology like wireless devices, intelligent scale, and electronic shelf labelling, self check-out machine and radio frequency identification (RFID) systems helps support smooth daily operations of the business. Environmental Factors As Tesco continues to expand its Corporate social responsibility is of a great paramount in order to meet its obligation to its stakeholders through specified regulations and corporate governance. Tesco uses fossil fuel in its transport network and also encourage its customers to make low carbon choices. In 2008, Compassion in World Farming (CIWF) awarded TESCO, the Rotten Egg Award for failing to make any commitment to end sale of eggs from caged hens. In 2004 Graiser and Scott stated that, the government had plans to launch a new strategy of reducing production waste and consumption resource in order to minimise environmental damage. Legal factors: In the current economic situation, many small businesses are not able to enter the market. Under the EU law, if there is an organization with a largest market share dominates. With this problem the quality of products and services will be compromised and thus demanding high prices. The governments policies for monopoly controls and reduction of buyers power can limit entry to this sector with such controls as license requirements and limits on access to raw materials -Mintel Report (2004), Myers (2004). In order to implement politically correct pricing policies, Tesco offers consumers a price reduction on fuel purchases based on the amount spent on groceries at its stores. While prices are lowered on promoted goods, prices elsewhere in the store are raised to compensate. Factors affecting employee productivity Ways of motivating key workers need to define motivation , talk about extrinsic and intrinsic motivation = total rewards Motivation is one of the earliest concerns of organizational behaviour. It is internal and external forces and influences that drive an individual to achieve certain specific goals. People are motivated when they expect that a course of action is likely to lead to the attainment of a goal a valued reward that satisfies their particular needs. Well motivated people are those with clearly defined goals who take action that they expect will achieve those goals. According to La Motta (1995), motivation is simply the reason individuals have for doing the things they do. In day-to-day society many different things motivate people, and that which motivates one person may not necessarily motivate another. In other words, a motivated person is always aware of the fact that a specific goal must be achieved, and would direct their effort at attaining that goal. Nel et al (2001). According to Locke (1997), motivation is determined by goal directedness, human volition or free will, and perceived needs and desires, sustaining the actions of individuals in relation to themselves and to their environment. THE ELEMENTS OF A TOTAL REWARDS PROGRAMME Armstrong and Mullin (1991) suggest four main areas that should be addressed in a reward management system. These are: Pay structures, which by combining the results of market surveys and job evaluation, define the levels of pay in the organisation; Employee benefits that satisfy the needs of employees for personal security and provide remuneration in forms other than pay which include pensions, insurance cover, sick pay and a number of other perks. Non-financial rewards which satisfy employees needs for variety, challenge, responsibility, influence in decision-making, recognition, training, career development opportunities and high quality leadership. Performance management that provides the basis for continuing as well as formal reviews of performance against targets and standards. A performance management system usually leads to the development of training and development programmes that meet the need for growth and achievement. It also leads to the design of performance-related pay systems that has an impact on bonus and incentive payments. Performance management is a strategic and integrated process that delivers sustained success to organizations by improving the performance of the people who work in them and by developing the capabilities of individuals contributors and teams (Michael Armstrong pp391). If a persons skills are not utilized up to the full, they will they will be demotivated. Tesco recently received an award from National Business awards Employer of the year when the judges declared that Tesco was voted employer of the year because its solutions were seen to be more holistic. Tesco recognizes that motivated staffs are committed to their work and hence companys performance will increase. http://www.trainanddevelop.co.uk/view_article.php?ArticleID=78 Tesco has many ways in which they motivate their workers. This has gone a long way to help them improve on their quality of services and their profits for the past years. Tesco motivates its employees through the following way: Staff Training Tesco gives training to staff, to make sure that they are competent and ready for the job. They ensure that their customers have the best services through the staff and management team. This does not only make the employee to be ready to work, it also makes them to be confident and motivated to work. So in being confident and sure of giving out the best to the customers, employees will put in their best in order to satisfy the needs of the customers. Discount for staff purchases: Employees of Tesco are given the opportunity to buy good from their super market at a discount of ten percent. This is an advantage to Tescos employees. This is done so that employees will feel recognized and been treated fairly at the work place. When employees feel that they are being treated fairly and they are happy, they turn to do their work more effectively and efficiently thus achieving the set objectives and goals of the company. Communication: Communication between staff, customers and management has to be good. This is so because it makes the employees to feel happy that their problems and opinion in the organization are important. Tesco makes sure that they have new and more open lines of communication between managers and staff, to avoid conflict and lack of flow of information. Directors and senior managers spend a week on shop floor listening to ideas and suggestions from customers and staff. This makes the employees feel better and secured at the work place. They feel happy that their ideas have got a place in management decision making, and that keeps them highly motivated. Free uniforms: Tesco gives out their uniforms to their workers for free in order for them not to think that they are being exploited or being used. Free or reduced rate health insurance: Tesco provides health insurance for free or at a much reduced rate for its employees. This makes the employees happy and confident in their employer. It indicates that their employer is concerned about their well-being and not just the work. So this makes employees to be happy and it increases efficiency in the work place. Holidays: Tesco recognizes that their employees are human beings and that they need rest as well. They respect the holidays of their employees and make sure that they are Open opportunities: Tesco gives their employees equal opportunities to be promoted when they work hard. So employees are being promoted in the organization when they put in more efforts. This makes them to work hard and feel motivated to work, because they know that after hard work comes promotion and power. By doing this productivity and efficiency and turn over increases. Bonus: Employees are given bonuses when the work hard besides their others discount they having for working at Tesco. When efficiency and productivity increases, turnover increases too. So when this happens, employees are motivated through bonuses. Competitive salaries: Company share options: This is another option that Tesco feels it motivates their key workers most especially their top management employees. The top management employees are given options to become shareholders after long years of services and hard work at Tesco. When employees of top management has reached a certain level of the hierarchical pyramid of the organization in Tesco, the board of directors gives that employee an opportunity to acquire a share and become one of them. Flexibility at work: Discount gym membership: Tesco uses this point as a form of motivation for its employees. When employees work hard, in order to motivate them, they are given a discount so that they can become members at their gym. So this makes them happy and has a sense of belongingness and they feel accepted and recognized by their employer. Appraisal systems and organizational record keeping Appraisal systems Balance scorecard: It is a method which Tesco uses to appraise its employees. It is applied to performance management system and it points out and breakthrough defects in single applications of financial indicators which measures performances of employees. The value of performance management appraisal system based on the introduction of the customers, internal business, processes, employees learning and growth and financial factors. It also controls the management system mechanism, the strategy of application, application limitations and outlook on the future of the business. Leadership: Employees are also appraised through their way of leadership in Tesco. This is done through the nineteen leadership competencies which were identified through their in-depth job analysis of leadership. Any employees regardless of their years of experience in a particular position may be put into the development phase at any time upon their request or when the supervisor suggests. Working in this particular phase, the employees focuses their energy and attention on specific leadership competencies which will help them achieve their objectives and increase turn over. Strategic evaluation: Tescos evaluation systems are performed through effective decomposition of the business strategy. This is so that each employee will clearly establish themselves in the organization under the strategy and their responsibilities; it should be more of how to take actions to ensure the achievements of objectives. So this performance evaluation system is to connect the strategic Organizational Record Keeping: Website resources record keeping: The company keeps most of their information on their website. This website is updated on a daily basis, and information is usually not removed once it is posted there. So it is one of the very safe places where records of the organization are kept for as long as possible. Document storage: Records are also kept in the form of documents that is in hard and soft copies. This documents are considered as important to the organization, then they now keep them for future reference. Document location system: There is a particular system created for storage of document, so that in case this document is needed, they do not have to go through all other documents before getting what they want. They just need to get into the system, then they will get it at once. So this is less time consuming and accurate. Conclusion References Armstrong and Mullin (1991) Child (1988), J. Organization: a Guide to Problems and Practice, 2nd edition, Paul Chapman (1988), p.531 Drucker, P.F. the practice of management, Heinemann Professional (1989), p.223 Finch, (2004) La Motta (1995) Locke (1997) Nel et al (2001) Mannud.L, (1999) Michael Armstrong pp391 Mintel Report (2004), Myers (2004) Websites http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesc

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

The Manipulation of Prospero Essay example -- Tempest

The Manipulation of Prospero "Manipulation" means "to influence or manage shrewdly or deviously; to tamper with or falsify for personal gain." In William Shakespeare’s play, The Tempest, we meet an interesting, mysterious Prospero, a magician and the true Duke of Milan now living on a deserted island with his daughter Miranda. Prospero has the power to manipulate his own daughter and does this because he wants to protect her from danger. Prospero has an interesting relationship with his daughter. Prospero talks and Miranda listens unwillingly. She does not pay attention and Prospero always seems to inform her. "Dost Thou attend me?" (1.2. 77). Prospero exploits Miranda in any way that he can. First of all, for 12 years Prospero forgets to mention to Miranda that she is a princess: Thy father was the Duke of Milan and A prince of power. (1.2. 54) For 12 years Prospero manipulated Miranda by not telling Miranda her true identity. He left her with unanswered questions that bothered her for all those years. Prospero also upsets her with the tempest that he caus...

Sunday, November 10, 2019

The Worst Storm in Canadian History

Ice storms, also referred to as glaze storms, cause considerable damage every year to trees in urban and natural areas. They vary considerably in their severity and frequency. Ice storms are result of the ice formation process, which is influenced by general weather patterns. Ice accumulates when super cooled rain freezes on contact with surfaces, such as tree branches, that are at or below the freezing point (0'C). This generally occurs when a winter warm front passes through an area after the ground-level temperature reaches or falls below freezing. Rain falls through layers of cooler air without freezing, becoming super cooled. Periodically, other climatic events, including stationary, occluded, and cold fronts, also result in ice storms. The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the1998 ice storm. This paper features three main section: An introduction, the main body (damage to woodland), and finally, a conclusion. In the main body of this paper, the effect of fire and pest/disease is discussed in detail. In the conclusion, comparison is made between fire and pests/disease versus ice storm. By the end of this paper, one should gain a better understanding of the severity of the 1998 ice storm as well as other damaging agents that affect the woodland in eastern North America Ice storms are often winter's worst hazard. More slippery than snow, freezing rain or glaze is tough and tenacious, clinging to every object it touches. A little can be dangerous, a lot can be catastrophic. Ice storm in Northeastern America has been common but the 1998 ice storm was exceptional. Ice storms are a major hazard in all parts of Canada except the North, but are especially common from Ontario to Newfoundland. The severity of ice storms depends largely on the accumulation of ice, the duration of the event, and the location and extent of the area affected. Based on these criteria, Ice Storm'98 was the worst ever to hit Canada in recent memory. From January 5-10, 1998 the total water equivalent of precipitation, comprising mostly freezing rain and ice pellets and a bit of snow, exceeded 85 mm in Ottawa, 73 mm in Kingston, 108 in Cornwall and 100 mm in Montreal (Environmental Canada, Jan 12/1998). Previous major ice storms in the region, notably December 1986 in Ottawa and February 1961 in Montreal, deposited between 30 and 40 mm of ice – about half the thickness from the 1998 storm event! (Environmental Canada, Jan 12/1998). The extent of the area affected by the ice was enormous. Freezing precipitation is often described as â€Å"a line of† or â€Å"spotty occurrences of†. At the peak of the storm, the area of freezing precipitation extended from Muskoka and Kitchener in Ontario through eastern Ontario, western Quebec and the Eastern Townships to the Fundy coasts of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. What made the ice storm so unusual, though, was that it went on for so long. On average, Ottawa and Montreal receive freezing precipitation on 12 to 17 days a year. Each episode generally lasts for only a few hours at a time, for an annual average total between 45 to 65 hours. During Ice Storm'98, it did not rain continuously, however, the number of hours of freezing rain and drizzle was in excess of 80 – again nearly double the normal annual total. One of the most appealing features of Eastern Ontario is the extensive forest cover. This is made up of woodlands of varying structure. These woodlands, as well as natural fencerows, windbreaks, and plantations of pine and poplar, dominate the landscape. Icing impacts may best be understood by treating spatially larger scales, starting with individual trees, proceeding to stands, and finally to forest landscapes. Ice damage to trees can range from mere breakage of a few twigs, to bending stems to the ground, to moderate crown loss, to outright breakage of the trunk. In the 1998 Northeastern ice storm, icing lasted long enough that many trees which were bent over had their crowns glued to the snow surface by the ice in many instances for as long as 3 weeks. Some of those trees actually erect posture after release from the snow, while many others remain bent over after 2 years. The severity of damage is generally believed to be closely related to the severity of winds following the heaviest ice accumulations. Damage varies across a range of severity and subtlety: minor branch breakage; major branch loss; bending over of crowns; root damages; breakage of trunks and in some hardwoods, trunks can be split. Depending on the stand composition, the amount of ice accumulation, and the stand history, damage to stands can range from light and patchy to the total breakage of all mature stems. Complete flattening of stands occurred locally in the Northeaster 1998 storm. In response to more moderate damage, effects on stands could include: shifts in over story composition in favor of the most resistant trees; loss of stand growth until leaf area is restored; and loss of value of the growth due to staining or damage to stem form. The term landscape refers to a ‘group† or a ‘family† of trees. I use the term vaguely because the size and composition of landscapes differ from region to region. The degree of damage is typically highly skewed by area. For example, in the January 1998 Northeaster storm, 1,800,000 ha of damage in Quebec was assessed by the Ministry of Natural Resource: very severe 4.2%, severe 32.0%, moderate 29.9%, and slight/trace 33.9% (The Science of the Total Environment, Volume: 262, Issue: 3, November 15, 2000, pp. 231-242 ). The effects on entire forest landscapes are highly patchy and variable. They also depend significantly on how landowners respond to the damage. Disturbance caused by diseases, by themselves or in conjunction with disturbance by insects, abiotic factors such as drought, fire and wind, and, increasingly, human activities, has played a critical role in the dynamics of many forest ecosystems in North America. In the predominantly coniferous forests in western North America there are considerable areas undisturbed directly by human activities. In these areas, diseases kill trees or predispose them to other agents of disturbance, resulting in gradual change in stand composition and structure. In areas disturbed by forest management practices of harvesting or exclusion of fire, increased disease incidence and severity has increased the damage caused by disease, and consequently, the rate of change. In the absence of introduced diseases in the predominantly deciduous forests of the Appalachian region of eastern North America, forests are relatively healthy. Here, forests are disturbed significantly by disease only after they are disturbed or stressed by other agents, predominantly defoliating insects and drought. In the eastern montane coniferous forest, chronic wind damage is a major predisposing factor to disease. Past harvesting practices, introduced diseases and insects, and fire exclusion have in some instances resulted in large areas of similar species and relatively similar ages that exacerbate the magnitude and severity of disturbance by disease. Fire is predominantly a natural phenomenon that burns the forest vegetation, polluting the ozone and wiping out the biodiversity. One major distinction between ice storm and forest fire is the way disaster are caused. The majority of forest fire could arguably be a result of human action and ice storm as an ‘act of god,† an act that is out of human control. Foresters usually distinguish three types of forest fires: ground fires, which burn the humus layer of the forest floor but do not burn appreciably above the surface; surface fires, which burn forest undergrowth and surface litter; and crown fires, which advance through the tops of trees or shrubs. It is not uncommon for two or three types of fires to occur simultaneously. Forest management has been able to reduce the occurrence of this event but many forest fires are out of arm†s length. Humans cause the majority of forest fires. Campers that do not put out their bond fire or campers littering lit cigarette bud are responsible for such an action. Natural occurrence such as lightning could spark a forest fire but the probability is small compared to human action. The convention way of putting out or reducing the spread of forest fire has been airliners. These airliners are filled with gallons and galloons of water. With limited capacity, these airliners fly above the flame and deposit galloons of water. For the purpose of this paper, deforestation simply means the lost of trees where the lost of trees exceeds the level of sustainable development. One of the major effects of forest fire is the burning of carbon dioxide into our atmosphere. This eventually creates a greenhouse affect and global warming. The effect damages our ecosystem as well as reduces one of Canada†s precious natural resource. Many projects, both from government funding and corporate sponsors, have done a good job increasing the awareness and risk related to deforestation. Pests directly affect the quantity and quality of forest nursery seedlings and can indirectly cause losses by disrupting reforestation plans or reducing survival of out planted stock. The movement of infested stock can disseminate pests to new areas. Since control of nursery pests may be based on pesticide usage, pest outbreaks may lead to environmental contamination. Woodland damage caused by livestock is a well-documented, yet persistent, forest health problem. Soil compaction, root disturbance and trunk/root collar damage caused by livestock reduce the vigor of trees. This paves the way for armillaria root rot, borers and other opportunistic organisms. Livestock also destroy the forest under story (reproduction), which hastens soil erosion and limits the future productivity of the site. The resulting forest decline reduces the quality, value and longevity of current and future trees on the site. Eliminating livestock from woodlands is the first step toward a healthier, more productive forest. As mentioned earlier in this paper, ice storm is a natural phenomenon caused by nature whereas forest fire are a result of human actions and preventable. One of the major differences between fire and ice storm is the rate of damage. Forest fire has a direct impact on the woodlands by changing the diversity of the landscape. Forest fire wipes out an entire landscape of trees causing a release of carbon dioxide. This ‘in lieu† effect results in global warming as well as greenhouse effect. The release of carbon dioxide has a long-term effect to our ecosystem. Carbon dioxide is trapped in our ozone layer making airways less preamble. This trapping effect eventually radiates heat causing global warming. The long-term effect is hazardous and changes our biodiversity. Ice storm has very little affect to our ozone layer. Damage to woodlands as a result of ice storm is concentrated within that area. Ice storm does not spread like fire does so areas that have been hit by an ice storm affect woodlands Pests and disease slowly eroded the quantity as well as quality of woodland. Infected woodland slows the development of growth by eroding the soil limiting the production of trees. Pest control and good forest management could improve the quality and well as productivity in these areas. Pests and diseases cause a slow change in biodiversity. As the woodland become infested, animals feeding from leafs and branch find it less desirable, eventually leaving the area in search of more suitable woodland. Similarly, forest fire, pests and disease spread but at a much slower rate. These agents infect the trees, eventually penetrating the roots and moving on to the next host. As mentioned previous, ice storm does not spread, rather the effect stays within the area. To conclude, fire and pests/disease are similar in the way these agents spread and infect their host. The preceding sentence can be best thought of as a virus infected it†s host as an analogy. Fire spreads at a much faster rate than pests/disease and the impact are instant. Both of these agents have long-term effect, which does not work in our favor. Ice storm affects the area it hits and will not spread. Furthermore, ice storms are predictable whereas fire is not since the cause of fire is human mistake and is hard to predict. Ice storms are not preventable but human actions can be prevented. The potential of damage from fire is far more severe than that of ice storm. We must increase the awareness to ensure that our woodland remains healthy and protect our ecosystem.